Viva Questions by thenetworknode
What is topology?
It means the design of the network or the structure of the network.
Topologies are bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid.
What is the formula to calculate the number of links or connections between all the nodes in a mesh topology?
n(n-1)/2
where n stands for the number of nodes
What are the advantages of mesh topology?
1. There is a direct as well as an indirect path between two nodes.
2. If the direct path fails between two nodes, they may communicate via some other path.
What are the advantages of star topology?
1. If any link fails, the whole network doesn't fail or break down.
2. If any node instead of a switch or hub fails, the whole network doesn't fail or break down.
What is a router?
A router is a device that is used to connect different or multiple networks with each other.
What is a switch?
A switch is a device that is used to connect multiple end terminal devices, like desktop computers, with each other.
What is a hub?
A hub is a device that is also used to connect multiple end terminal devices, like desktop computers, with each other.
What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
A switch can do unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting, but a hub can only do broadcasting.
Hub is a device of which layer of the OSI model?
Physical layer
Switch is a device of which layer of the OSI model?
Data link layer
Router is a device of which layer of the OSI model?
Network layer
Why is a cross cable used?
To connect devices of similar nature or behavior.
Why is a straight cable used?
To connect devices of different natures or behaviors.
Why is a serial cable used?
To connect routers with each other in a wide area network.
Is there a clock rate to configure while using a serial cable?
Yes
Which cable is being used to connect the router with the switch?
Straight cable
Which cable is being used to connect the router with the server?
Cross cable
Which cable is being used to connect the switch with the hub?
Cross cable
An IPv4 address is of how many bits?
32 bits
An IPv4 address is of how many bytes?
4 bytes
An IPv6 address is of how many bits?
128 bits
An IPv6 address is of how many bytes?
16 bytes
The size of a MAC or physical address is?
48 bits or 6 bytes
Range of different IPv4 classes:
Class A: 0 to 127
Class B: 128 to 191
Class C: 192 to 223
Class D: 224 to 239
Class E: 240 to 255
What is the private IPv4 range of class A?
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
What is the private IPv4 range of class B?
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
What is the private IPv4 range of class C?
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Which connector is connected with a cross or straight cable?
RJ45 connector (RJ stands for Registered Jack)
How many pins does an RJ45 connector have?
8 pins
How many thin cables does a cross or straight cable have?
8 thin or ribbon cables of different colors.
Out of 8 thin cables of the cross cable, how many cables are being crossed?
4 thin cables
Which 4 thin cables of the cross cable are being crossed?
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th
By which command can the connectivity between two nodes be checked?
ping command
By which command path between two nodes can be identified?
trace command
By which command can we see the routing table of the router?
show ip route
By which command can we see the MAC table of the switch?
show mac address-table
What is ARP?
ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. By this protocol, a switch finds the MAC addresses of the desktop computers connected to it from the IP addresses of the desktop computers.
By default, how many packets can the ping command send?
4 packets
What is the size of each packet sent by the ping command?
32 bytes
TTL stands for:
Time To Live
What is the time to live in the ping command's output?
For how much time is the packet active or live
RTT stands for:
Round Trip Time
What is the round trip time in the ping command's output?
How much time a packet takes to reach its destination and acknowledgment comes back from the destination
Routers have the following different modes:
Router> is:
User EXEC mode
Router# is:
Privileged EXEC mode
Router(config)# is:
Global configuration mode
Router(config-if)# is:
Interface configuration mode
Router(config-router)# is:
Router configuration mode
In which mode of a router is the ping command used?
Privileged EXEC mode
The interfaces of the router are configured in which mode?
Global configuration mode
What is CLI?
CLI stands for command line interface.
By CLI, we can write commands to configure the device like a router or switch.
What is routing?
Routing means how the packets are switching or moving from one node to another node until they reach the receiver node by selecting some path.
Routing is of 2 types:
Static routing
Dynamic routing
What is static routing?
It means a fixed path between the sender and the receiver.
What is dynamic routing?
It means a router can decide the best path between sender and receiver from the multiple paths.
What are the advantages of dynamic routing?
1. No fixed path.
2. The best path can be chosen from multiple paths.
What is the syntax of the IPv4 static routing command?
ip route Destination Network Address Destination Network Subnet Mask Next Hop IP Address
How can a router decide the best path?
By the help of a routing protocol.
What is classful addressing?
It means we are using IPv4 addressing with default subnet masks.
What is classless addressing?
It means we are using IPv4 addressing with a subnetting approach.
What is subnetting?
Borrowing network bits from the host bits, so creating more subnetworks.
How to overcome the wastage of IPv4 addresses in the addressing scheme?
By using the subnetting concept.
What is FLSM?
Fixed Length Subnet Masking, means that the subnet mask is the same for all the subnets designed as per the requirement or need.
What is VLSM?
Variable Length Subnet Masking, means that the subnet mask is different for all the subnets designed as per the requirement or need.
What is RIP?
Routing Information Protocol, it helps the router to decide the best path between sender and receiver from the multiple paths.
Simple RIP, or RIP version 1, does not support VLSM, so VLSM is supported by RIP version 2.
DNS stands for:
Domain Name System
What is stored in a DNS server?
It stores the URL addresses corresponding to their IP addresses.
DHCP stands for:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
What is the purpose of DHCP?
By DHCP, IP addresses are automatically allocated to the client machines connected to the server.
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol to transfer files between the nodes.
Which command is used to upload a file on the FTP server in Cisco Packet Tracer?
put command
Which command is used to download a file from the FTP server in Cisco Packet Tracer?
get command
Which command is used to list down the files available on the FTP server in Cisco Packet Tracer?
dir command
Which command is used to delete the file available on the FTP server in Cisco Packet Tracer?
delete command
What is the abbreviation in the IPv6 addressing scheme?
It means removing the leading zeroes from all the blocks of the IPv6 address.
What is the zero compression in the IPv6 addressing scheme?
When contiguous blocks of zeroes are appearing in the IPv6 address, then use a double colon to represent the contiguous blocks of zeroes instead of writing zeroes.
Can two machines have the same IP address in the network?
No, every machine in the network has a unique IP address.